While parents from diverse backgrounds most often value parks that offer amenities like playgrounds, sports fields and green spaces, they also want parks to feel safe, according to a survey by North Carolina State University researchers.
Published in the Journal of Healthy Eating and Active Living, the study findings were drawn from a survey of 278 parents with children aged 5 to 10 who visited parks in North Carolina’s Triangle region and in New York City in the spring and summer of 2017 and 2018. The study was designed to pinpoint the most attractive park features for parents of different races and ethnicities in low-income communities. While researchers found several key differences by race and ethnicity in New York City, they did not see significant differences by race or ethnicity in the Triangle.
“Although there is no one-size-fits-all approach to encourage park use, our findings suggest emphasizing facilities and park safety are ways local government agencies could design and maintain parks that are attractive to parents and their children,” said Scott Ogletree, the study’s lead author and a postdoctoral researcher at NC State. “We were trying to get at what might encourage or discourage parents from bringing their children to parks, with the idea that’s where kids can get physical activity through play.”
Finding there were no significant differences by race in the Triangle indicated that many parents may share similar values for what they want in parks, Ogletree said. Across all parents in the Triangle, they saw that safety and safe facilities were most often cited, followed closely by physical features like playground equipment, sports fields and green areas.
When they broke down the findings for parents in New York City by race and ethnicity, one of the findings they considered most surprising was the low reported desire for increased safety and cleanliness in parks by parents who self-identified as Asian. They also found only three of 70 parents who self-identified as Asian reported an increased need for social amenities, such as activities within parks or more children to play with.
“This is not at all to say these are not desired attributes of parks and park programming by Asian families, but more likely suggests in the parks we surveyed that families felt safe, that there were other children to play with, and there was plenty to do,” said J. Aaron Hipp, the study’s senior author and an associate professor of community health and sustainability at NC State. “In turn, this result may point to shortcomings in safety, numbers, and activities in parks located in low-resourced and primarily Latinx and Black neighborhoods.”
Parents who identified as Latinx in New York City highly valued the safety and security of the park, along with proximity and limited entrances. Latinx parents were also more likely to indicate the social environment of a park was important to them.
“In New York, where Latinx parents reported park safety was an important concern, we see a need to increase the sense of security in and around parks, such as ensuring adequate lighting, reducing incivilities such as litter or graffiti, or providing staff and community engagement opportunities,” Hipp said.
Using the findings, researchers hope to help inform park developers so they can better serve diverse audiences.
“These findings can help point out aspects of parks that can be improved to meet the needs and desires of parents from diverse backgrounds,” said study co-author Jing-Huei Huang, a Ph.D. candidate in parks, recreation and tourism management at NC State. “Making parks attractive can have beneficial outcomes from greater use of parks by children and adults.”
In future work, they plan to explore the social, cultural, and environmental factors underlying differences they saw, and their role in park-use decisions.
“This work was one time point and only in 12 parks across the two regions,” Hipp said. “Interviews and focus groups with parents and kids could help us better understand concerns and desires around safety, social interactions and activities.”
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The study, “Parental preference for park attributes related to children’s use of parks in low-income, racial/ethnic diverse neighborhoods,” was published online Dec. 21 in the Journal of Healthy Eating and Active Living. It was authored by S. Scott Ogletree; Jing Huei Huang; Claudia Alberico; Oriol Marquet; Myron F. Floyd; and J. Aaron Hipp. The work was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation through the Physical Activity Research Center (2016-2953).
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Note to editors: The abstract follows.
Parental preference for park attributes related to children’s use of parks in low-income, racial/ethnic diverse neighborhoods
Published online Dec. 21, 2020.
Abstract: Public parks offer free and easy to access spaces for outdoor recreation, which is essential for children’s outdoor play and physical activity in low-income communities. Because parks and playgrounds contribute to children’s physical, social, and emotional development, it is critical to understand what makes them attractive and welcoming for families with young children. Parents can be a key determinant to children visiting parks, with their preferences influencing whether or not families visit parks in their neighborhoods. Past studies have posited there are significant differences across racial/ethnic populations in preferred park characteristics, but few have investigated specific park attributes parents from different racial and ethnic groups desire for their children. This study examined attributes associated with parental preferences for parks in low-income diverse communities in New York City, New York and Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Parents’ responses were grouped into 10 categories using content analysis, with four key preference themes identified: physical attributes, experiences, social environment, and amenities. Physical attributes (i.e., playgrounds, sports fields, green spaces) were most desired among all groups. A significant difference across race/ethnic groups was found in New York but not in Raleigh-Durham. In New York, Latino parents had a strong preference for experience attributes (i.e. safety, safe facilities, cleanliness) which differed from other groups. Examining Latino parents in both cities we found no significant difference between cities. Although there is no one-size-fits-all approach to encourage park use, our finding suggests facilities and park safety are modifiable ways local government agencies could design and maintain parks that would be preferred by parents for their children. Future research should examine how neighborhood context may influence parent preferences related to parks.
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